Friday, March 16, 2012
Thomas The Tank Engine Kid Size Rolling Backpack
Thomas The Tank Engine Kid Size Rolling Backpack
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Tags : Thomas, The, Tank, Engine, Kid
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The 2009-2014 Outlook for Children Backpacks on Wheels in Greater China
The 2009-2014 Outlook for Children Backpacks on Wheels in Greater China
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WHAT IS LATENT DEMAND AND THE P.I.E.?The concept of latent demand is rather subtle. The term latent typically refers to something that is dormant, not observable, or not yet realized. Demand is the notion of an economic quantity that a target population or market requires under different assumptions of price, quality, and distribution, among other factors. Latent demand, therefore, is commonly defined by economists as the industry earnings of a market when that market becomes accessible and attractive to serve by competing firms. It is a measure, therefore, of potential industry earnings (P.I.E.) or total revenues (not profit) if Greater China is served in an efficient manner. It is typically expressed as the total revenues potentially extracted by firms. The "market" is defined at a given level in the value chain. There can be latent demand at the retail level, at the wholesale level, the manufacturing level, and the raw materials level (the P.I.E. of higher levels of the value chain being always smaller than the P.I.E. of levels at lower levels of the same value chain, assuming all levels maintain minimum profitability).The latent demand for children's backpacks on wheels in Greater China is not actual or historic sales. Nor is latent demand future sales. In fact, latent demand can be either lower or higher than actual sales if a market is inefficient (i.e., not representative of relatively competitive levels). Inefficiencies arise from a number of factors, including the lack of international openness, cultural barriers to consumption, regulations, and cartel-like behavior on the part of firms. In general, however, latent demand is typically larger than actual sales in a market.For reasons discussed later, this report does not consider the notion of "unit quantities", only total latent revenues (i.e., a calculation of price times quantity is never made, though one is implied). The units used in this report are U.S. dollars not adjusted for inflation (i.e., the figures incorporate inflationary trends). If inflation rates vary in a substantial way compared to recent experience, actually sales can also exceed latent demand (not adjusted for inflation). On the other hand, latent demand can be typically higher than actual sales as there are often distribution inefficiencies that reduce actual sales below the level of latent demand.As mentioned in the introduction, this study is strategic in nature, taking an aggregate and long-run view, irrespective of the players or products involved. In fact, all the current products or services on the market can cease to exist in their present form (i.e., at a brand-, R&D specification, or corporate-image level) and all the players can be replaced by other firms (i.e., via exits, entries, mergers, bankruptcies, etc.), and there will still be latent demand for children's backpacks on wheels at the aggregate level. Product and service offerings, and the actual identity of the players involved, while important for certain issues, are relatively unimportant for estimates of latent demand.THE METHODOLOGYIn order to estimate the latent demand for children's backpacks on wheels across the regions and cites of Greater China, I used a multi-stage approach. Before applying the approach, one needs a basic theory from which such estimates are created. In this case, I heavily rely on the use of certain basic economic assumptions. In particular, there is an assumption governing the shape and type of aggregate latent demand functions. Latent demand functions relate the income of a region, city, household, or individual to realized consumption. Latent demand (often realized as consumption when an industry is efficient), at any level of the value chain, takes place if an equilibrium is realized. For firms to serve a market, they must perceive a latent demand and be able to serve that demand at a minimal return. The single most important variable determining consumption, assuming latent demand exists, is income (or other financial resources at higher levels of the value chain). Other factors that can pivot or shape demand curves include external or exogenous shocks (i.e., business cycles), and or changes in utility for the product in question. Ignoring, for the moment, exogenous shocks and variations in utility across geographies, the aggregate relation between income and consumption has been a central theme in economics. The figure below concisely summarizes one aspect of problem. In the 1930s, John Meynard Keynes conjectured that as incomes rise, the average propensity to consume would fall. The average propensity to consume is the level of consumption divided by the level of income, or the slope of the line from the origin to the consumption function. He estimated this relationship empirically and found it to be true in the short-run (mostly based on cross-sectional data). The higher the income, the lower the average propensity to consume. This type of consumption function is labeled "A" in the figure below (note the rather flat slope of the curve). In the 1940s, another macroeconomist, Simon Kuznets, estimated long-run consumption functions which indicated that the marginal propensity to consume was rather constant (using time series data). This type of consumption function is shown as "B" in the figure below (note the higher slope and zero-zero intercept). The average propensity to consume is constant. Is it declining or is it constant? A number of other economists, notably Franco Modigliani and Milton Friedman, in the 1950s (and Irving Fisher earlier), explained why the two functions were different using various assumptions on intertemporal budget constraints, savings, and wealth. The shorter the time horizon, the more consumption can depend on wealth (earned in previous years) and business cycles. In the long-run, however, the propensity to consume is more constant. Similarly, in the long run, households with no income eventually have no consumption (wealth is depleted). While the debate surrounding beliefs about how income and consumption are related is interesting, in this study a very particular school of thought is adopted. In particular, we are considering the latent demand for children's backpacks on wheels across the regions and cities of Greater China. The smallest cities have few inhabitants. I assume that all of these cities fall along a "long-run" aggregate consumption function. This long-run function applies despite some of these states having wealth; current income dominates the latent demand for children's backpacks on wheels. So, latent demand in the long-run has a zero intercept. However, I allow different propensities to consume (including being on consumption functions with differing slopes, which can account for differences in industrial organization, and end-user preferences).Given this overriding philosophy, I will now describe the methodology used to create the latent demand estimates for children's backpacks on wheels in Greater China. Since ICON Group has asked me to apply this methodology to a large number of categories, the rather academic discussion below is general and can be applied to a wide variety of categories and geographic locations, not just children's backpacks on wheels in Greater China.Step 1. Product Definition and Data CollectionAny study of latent demand requires that some standard be established to define "efficiently served". Having implemented various alternatives and matched these with market outcomes, I have found that the optimal approach is to assume that certain key indicators are more likely to reflect efficiency than others. These indicators are given greater weight than others in the estimation of latent demand compared to others for which no known data are available. Of the many alternatives, I have found the assumption that the highest aggregate income and highest income-per-capita markets reflect the best standards for "efficiency". High aggregate income alone is not sufficient (i.e. some cities have high aggregate income, but low income per capita and can not assumed to be efficient). Aggregate income can be operationalized in a number of ways, including gross domestic product (for industrial categories), or total disposable income (for household categories; population times average income per capita, or number of households times average household income). Latent demand is therefore estimated using data collected for relatively efficient markets from independent data sources (e.g. Official Chinese Agencies, the World Resources Institute, the Organization for Economic...
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Tags : The, 20092014, Outlook, for, Children
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Disney Minnie Mouse Rolling Backpack -Kid Size Wheeled Backpack
Disney Minnie Mouse Rolling Backpack -Kid Size Wheeled Backpack
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Disney Minnie Mouse Rolling Backpack -Kid Size Wheeled Backpack
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Tags : Disney, Minnie, Mouse, Rolling, Backpack
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Sherpa on Wheel Dog Carrier Bag Large Black
Sherpa on Wheel Dog Carrier Bag Large Black
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Takes the weight off your shoulders. Sherpa-on-wheels utilizes easy-glide recessed wheels for smooth, quiet, steady motion. Detachable handle with padded grip for extra comfort, can also be used as a shoulder strap. Carry it or pull it. It's great either way. Sherpa Pet Carriers on Wheels Feature: Stylish light-weight design. Fashioned from black quilted nylon. New travel bed tray slides in and out and includes a soft, cozy, washable faux lambskin liner. Mesh panels and roll-up flaps on three sides for ventilation and privacy. Two entrances-front opening and U-shaped top zipper. Brass hardware. Inside leash ring. Extra large rear zippered pocket for all essentials. Photo ID tag. Fits comfortably under cabin seat. Approved on most major airlines (restrictions for air travel are dictated by each airline company). Washable faux lambskin liner in "travel tray" (bed in bag). On wheel dog carrier bag. Mesh panels for ventilation. Top and side entry. Roll up flaps on three sides for ultimate privacy for your pet. Convenient, detachable, adjustable pull strap seconds as a shoulder strap. Large accessory pocket. A quilted texture for the ultimate fashion statement. Carrier rolls flat on four wheels, no tilting, to provide your pet with a comfortable travel experience. Available in black color and large size. Pets up to 22-pound. Measures 20-inch length by 12-inch width by 11-1/2-inch height.
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Tags : Sherpa, on, Wheel, Dog, Carrier
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Targus CityGear Rolling Travel Case for 17 Inch Notebooks TCG717 (Black with Yellow)
Targus CityGear Rolling Travel Case for 17 Inch Notebooks TCG717 (Black with Yellow)
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Travel lighter with the Targus Rolling Travel Notebook Case. The unique design allows you to comfortably store your large-size notebook in addition to clothing and personal accessories. A special overnight luggage section provides enough room for a change of clothes, perfect for short business trips. All necessary notebook case features abound including a zip-down workstation with storage for your mobile accessories, pen loops, key clip and business card holder. The smooth-rolling wheels and telescoping handle make this rolling case a perfect companion for the businessperson on the go.
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Tags : Targus, CityGear, Rolling, Travel, Case
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Guerrilla Painter Rolling Plein Air Packer
Guerrilla Painter Rolling Plein Air Packer
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Perfect multi-function plein air tote on stout oversize wheels with a handle that extends a full 40-inch for pulling along. This bag accommodates just about everything a Guerrilla Painter would want to take along on an extended outing or trip. Features a main zippered compartment measuring 14-inch by 15-1/4-inch by 7-inch with a removable Velcro divider - perfect for the 8 by 10 Cigar Box, 9 by 12 Guerrilla Box or Guerrilla Medium French Resistance Pochade Numerous additional pouches will hold a water bottle, cell phone, brushes, etc. Lower compartment measures 14-inch by 7-inch by 2-inch holds brushes, palette, pastels or...? Outer Velcro flap for quick access to a sketchbook. Back and side straps will secure tripod, stool, jacket etc. Roll along or carry with handle, shoulder strap or backpack straps - all included. When used as a backpack, a waist strap provides extra stability. Constructed of heavy nylon.
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Tags : Guerrilla, Painter, Rolling, Plein, Air
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High Sierra Freewheel Wheeled Book Bag Backpack
High Sierra Freewheel Wheeled Book Bag Backpack
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The High Sierra Freewheel book bag makes traveling with a full load a breeze. Designed with two inline-style wheels and a telescoping handle, it allows you to cruise smoothly from place to place, and a Cushion Zone padded computer sleeve holds most laptops up to 17 inches. Features: Large, front-load main compartment Cushion Zone padded computer sleeve holds laptops up to 17 inches Large, zippered front compartment has organizer with media pocket, multiple open pockets, and key fob Zippered accessory compartment has a headphone port Smooth-rolling, corner-mounted wheels Single-tube telescoping handle stows inside a protective zippered compartment Contoured, adjustable Vapel mesh padded shoulder straps tuck away inside padded back panel Open side pocket holds water bottle or other gear Triangle clip to attach lock or other accessories Corner guards and rub rails protect bag from abrasion Comfortable Vapel mesh padded grab handle Reflective accents for night safety Specifications: Measures 13.5-by-20.5-by-eight inches (W x H x D) Constructed of Duralite Ripstop, Waffle Weave, and 600-denier Duralite materials Warranty High Sierra products include a limited lifetime manufacturer's warranty against defects in materials and workmanship, with the exception of wheeled products, which include a limited five-year manufacturer's warranty. About High Sierra Founded in 1978 as H. Bernbaum Import & Export Company by Harry Bernbaum and Hank Bernbaum, High Sierra Sport Company has grown to become the tenth largest outdoor company in the United States, and for over 30 years has been a family-owned organization committed to producing thoughtfully innovative bags and luggage that appeal to the active lifestyle and outdoor consumer. Today, High Sierra Sport Company is the official supplier of bags to the U.S. Ski and Snowboarding teams, and its memberships include the Outdoor Industry Association (OIA), SnowSports Industries America (SIA), and the Travel Goods Association (TGA). Specializing in adventure travel, High Sierra's dedication to function, design, and quality is reflected through its product line.
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Tags : High, Sierra, Freewheel, Wheeled, Book
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On Stage CBT4200D DrumFire Deluxe Rolling Cymbal Bag
On Stage CBT4200D DrumFire Deluxe Rolling Cymbal Bag
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For ultimate protection and an easy transporting solution, the On Stage CBT4200D DrumFire Deluxe Rolling Cymbal Bag can’t be beat! This nylon bag features an interior foam liner, 2 carrying handles, backpack style straps and a retractable trolley pull and wheels. Bag holds up to 5 cymbals, up to 22 inches (3 inside, 2 outside). Use either the retractable trolley, two carrying handles or backpack straps to carry your cymbals with ease!
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Tags : On, Stage, CBT4200D, DrumFire, Deluxe
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Kensington K62533US Contour Balance Notebook Roller Bag in Onyx Fits Most 15-Inch Notebooks
Kensington K62533US Contour Balance Notebook Roller Bag in Onyx Fits Most 15-Inch Notebooks
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Fits like your favorite pair of shoes.The Contour Balance Notebook Roller delivers remarkable comfort in a lightweight, compact and stylish case. Our unique Contour System keeps the weight of your notebook and other contents close to your center of gravity for greater carrying comfort or rolling ease. Designed with You in MindThe Contour Balance Notebook Roller was created to provide all the features you want in a sleeker, slimmer and more comfortable form. Made of lightweight and water resistant materials the Contour Balance Notebook Roller offers a unique organization system, to keep your essentials secure and organized, while maintaining a sleek and elegant design. Lightweight StyleTraveling in style shouldn’t weigh you down. Up to 30% lighter than traditional rollers, it’s the perfect blend of form and function. Made of lightweight water-resistant microfiber materials, it offers concealed pockets to keep your essentials secure and organized. With our exclusive Contour System for comfort and strain-free carrying, DropShield ® padding to protect your notebook, hidden wheels and plenty of convenience features, it’s far beyond your typical roller. Contour System The Kensington Contour System is an integrated system of ergonomic features for ensuring maximum comfort while minimizing muscle strain and fatigue. Smart Features Contour telescoping handle is ergonomically designed to shift weight to the wheels, minimizing strain on the arm and increase rolling ease Up to 25% lighter than most traditional rollers makes placement in aircraft overhead compartments easier Air-Flo Contour Panel dissipates heat and hugs the body for greater comfort and carrying ease Deep-quilted, impact-resistant notebook compartment with AirBrake bottom cushion protects your computer Sleek and comfortable handles stay together with a magnetic clasp for grab and go convenience External ticket pocket keeps important documents organized and accessible Water-resistant materials and water/scuff resistant bottom keep the contents of your bag safe and dry Specs Dimensions (LxWxH): 18 x 9 x 13.5 (inches) Dimensions - notebook compartment (LxWxH): 14.4 x 1.8 x 11.4 (inches) Weight: 5.3 (lbs) Fits most notebook computers up to 15.4" widescreen This product comes with a lifetime limited warranty & free technical support
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Tags : Kensington, K62533US, Contour, Balance, Notebook
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Gosmart Clip - Universal iPhone/Smartphone Holder - The Most Convenient Compact and Versatile Holder...
Gosmart Clip - Universal iPhone/Smartphone Holder - The Most Convenient Compact and Versatile Holder/Mount/Clip (1 Red Clip)
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The GoSmart Clip is the only iPhone / smartphone holder you'll ever need. It is designed to hold your iPhone or smartphone so that your hands are free. It is compact and portable, making it ideal for travelers, multi-tasking parents and drivers who depend on their mobile phones and who are always on the go.
Take it with you while traveling and use the GPS apps in rental cars or the built in speakers to talk hands free.
Secure it to your backpack, suitcase, or shoulder bag and watch a video while you are waiting at the airport.
Fasten it to a cardio machine and listen to your music while working out
Keep your phone off the sand by strapping it to a beach umbrella.
Attach it to the strap or handle of your purse or shoulder bag for easy access to your cell phone.
The GoSmart Clip is a simple and elegant solution to a common modern day problem. The GoSmart Clip fits most smartphones on the market today. Check out www.gosmartclip.com for full product descriptions, details and videos.
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Tags : Gosmart, Clip, , Universal, iPhoneSmartphone
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Upscale Denier Poly Backpack with Wheels - Grey/Black
Upscale Denier Poly Backpack with Wheels - Grey/Black
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Three ways to carry: Strap it on and have hidden flaps cover the inline wheels, hold it like a briefcase, or take the strain off your upper body by rolling our wheeled backpack on the ground.
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Tags : Upscale, Denier, Poly, Backpack, with
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Duro-Med Folding Shopping Bag with Wheels
Duro-Med Folding Shopping Bag with Wheels
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The Duro-Med folding black shopping bag with wheels is ideal for carrying groceries or laundry and is lightweight and easy to maneuver. Convenient to take everywhere it folds to a pocketbook size of 12" x 7". The adjustable straps makes it easy for anyone to use, and has a hook and loop closure at the top of the bag for easy access. The bag measures 12" x 22.5" x 7" and is made of durable heavy gauge, water-repellent black vinyl. The bag includes a front pocket with zipper for secure storage.
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Tags : DuroMed, Folding, Shopping, Bag, with
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Custom LeatherCraft 1132 75-Pocket Tool Backpack
Custom LeatherCraft 1132 75-Pocket Tool Backpack
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At a Glance6 zippered, padded compartments provide access to 75 pockets and sleevesSeparate storage area for a cordless drill and 7-by-5-inch multi-compartment parts trayComfortable, padded, adjustable shoulder straps, plus 2 padded handlesSeveral pockets with hook-and-loop flap closure to help keep tools in placeMade of heavy-duty Cordura fabricDurable double-pull zippers provide easy access to tool compartmentsMeasures 9 by 13 by 17-1/2 inches (LxWxH)Rugged backpack for safely transporting tools. View larger.Padded shoulder straps ensure comfortable hands-free use.View larger.CLC 1132 Heavy-Duty Tool BackpackThis heavy-duty tool backpack by Custom Leather Craft offers an excellent solution for installers and repair technicians who need to transport tools while still having their hands free, whether climbing ladders or carrying bulky replacement parts. The tool backpack's design incorporates pockets and sleeves of various sizes and configurations to hold a multitude of tools and small parts. The backpack works well for HVAC service reps, satellite/cable television technicians, stadium-lighting contractors, or for any worker in need of convenient hands-free tool transport.Conveniently CompartmentalizedThe tool backpack comes equipped with 75 pockets and sleeves. It's also sectioned off to provide the contractor with several partitions to help ensure organization of tool groups. For example, the tool backpack can hold a 14-piece wrench set in one section and a cordless drill in another. Custom Leather Craft has also included a section to hold an extension cord, pliers, a screwdriver, and much more. The tool backpack offers a hook and loops section and incorporates flap closure pockets to secure stored items.Ruggedly BuiltThe durable tool backpack is made with Cordura fabric--a material that is both versatile and reliable. Constructed using high-tenacity fiber technologies, Cordura offers the benefit of being lightweight and strong--a good combination for work gear. In addition, the tool backpack features double-pull zippers; comfortable, padded, adjustable shoulder straps; and two, padded, loop carrying handles, making it a smart choice for today's busy contractors.Please Note: Tools shown in the images of the backpack are not included. Backpack only.Take a Look Inside... Interior panel holds 14-piece wrench set. View larger.Quick access to a variety of tools helps save time. View larger.Hook-and-loop flap closures keep tools securely in place. View larger.Variety of pocket shapes and sizes for tidy organization. View larger. Read More.
Tags : Custom, LeatherCraft, 1132, 75Pocket, Tool
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Duro-Med Wheel Chair Back Pack Black
Duro-Med Wheel Chair Back Pack Black
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Wheelchair back pack attaches to wheelchair with ease by placing loops over wheelchair arms. Constructed of black, oxford nylon, waterproof fabric. Features a large 14" x 19" compartment with hook and loop closure. Completely washable.
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Tags : DuroMed, Wheel, Chair, Back, Pack
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Neat-Oh! Hot Wheels ZipBin Wheelie Jumper Back Pack
Neat-Oh! Hot Wheels ZipBin Wheelie Jumper Back Pack
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Hot Wheels™ ZipBin® Wheelie Jumper Backpack is a mag wheel with a lenticular Hot Wheels™ rim. It unzips from the mag wheel to a racing track with illustrated hazzards. Includes pockets for your 6 favorite cars, but easily holds 50 cars. Includes an authentic Hot Wheels® car. Ideal for portable play. ZipBin® Products - TOTALLY NEAT!
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Tags : NeatOh, Hot, Wheels, ZipBin, Wheelie
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Gilmour W4 Spray Doc Wheel Pump 4-Gallon Sprayer
Gilmour W4 Spray Doc Wheel Pump 4-Gallon Sprayer
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The Gilmour Spray Doc wheel pump 4-gallon sprayer pressurizes as you walk or roll it back and forth. This "point-and-shoot" sprayer requires no hand pumping or heavy lifting. The unique wheel pump apparatus pressurizes the contents as you push the sprayer back and forth. Use the built-in pressure relief valve to depressurize the sprayer upon completion of your job. The unit has an extra-wide 4-1/4-inch mouth opening for quick filling, an easy-to-clean filter, and a drain at the bottom of the unit. It also features a flexible, 16-inch rotating polymer wand with an adjustable polymer nozzle and a 72-inch premium PVC hose.
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Tags : Gilmour, W4, Spray, Doc, Wheel
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The 2009-2014 World Outlook for Children Backpacks on Wheels
The 2009-2014 World Outlook for Children Backpacks on Wheels
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WHAT IS LATENT DEMAND AND THE P.I.E.?The concept of latent demand is rather subtle. The term latent typically refers to something that is dormant, not observable, or not yet realized. Demand is the notion of an economic quantity that a target population or market requires under different assumptions of price, quality, and distribution, among other factors. Latent demand, therefore, is commonly defined by economists as the industry earnings of a market when that market becomes accessible and attractive to serve by competing firms. It is a measure, therefore, of potential industry earnings (P.I.E.) or total revenues (not profit) if a market is served in an efficient manner. It is typically expressed as the total revenues potentially extracted by firms. The "market" is defined at a given level in the value chain. There can be latent demand at the retail level, at the wholesale level, the manufacturing level, and the raw materials level (the P.I.E. of higher levels of the value chain being always smaller than the P.I.E. of levels at lower levels of the same value chain, assuming all levels maintain minimum profitability).The latent demand for children's backpacks on wheels is not actual or historic sales. Nor is latent demand future sales. In fact, latent demand can be lower either lower or higher than actual sales if a market is inefficient (i.e., not representative of relatively competitive levels). Inefficiencies arise from a number of factors, including the lack of international openness, cultural barriers to consumption, regulations, and cartel-like behavior on the part of firms. In general, however, latent demand is typically larger than actual sales in a country market.For reasons discussed later, this report does not consider the notion of "unit quantities", only total latent revenues (i.e., a calculation of price times quantity is never made, though one is implied). The units used in this report are U.S. dollars not adjusted for inflation (i.e., the figures incorporate inflationary trends) and not adjusted for future dynamics in exchange rates. If inflation rates or exchange rates vary in a substantial way compared to recent experience, actually sales can also exceed latent demand (when expressed in U.S. dollars, not adjusted for inflation). On the other hand, latent demand can be typically higher than actual sales as there are often distribution inefficiencies that reduce actual sales below the level of latent demand.As mentioned in the introduction, this study is strategic in nature, taking an aggregate and long-run view, irrespective of the players or products involved. If fact, all the current products or services on the market can cease to exist in their present form (i.e., at a brand-, R&D specification, or corporate-image level) and all the players can be replaced by other firms (i.e., via exits, entries, mergers, bankruptcies, etc.), and there will still be an international latent demand for children's backpacks on wheels at the aggregate level. Product and service offering details, and the actual identity of the players involved, while important for certain issues, are relatively unimportant for estimates of latent demand.THE METHODOLOGYIn order to estimate the latent demand for children's backpacks on wheels on a worldwide basis, I used a multi-stage approach. Before applying the approach, one needs a basic theory from which such estimates are created. In this case, I heavily rely on the use of certain basic economic assumptions. In particular, there is an assumption governing the shape and type of aggregate latent demand functions. Latent demand functions relate the income of a country, city, state, household, or individual to realized consumption. Latent demand (often realized as consumption when an industry is efficient), at any level of the value chain, takes place if an equilibrium is realized. For firms to serve a market, they must perceive a latent demand and be able to serve that demand at a minimal return. The single most important variable determining consumption, assuming latent demand exists, is income (or other financial resources at higher levels of the value chain). Other factors that can pivot or shape demand curves include external or exogenous shocks (i.e., business cycles), and or changes in utility for the product in question. Ignoring, for the moment, exogenous shocks and variations in utility across countries, the aggregate relation between income and consumption has been a central theme in economics. The figure below concisely summarizes one aspect of problem. In the 1930s, John Meynard Keynes conjectured that as incomes rise, the average propensity to consume would fall. The average propensity to consume is the level of consumption divided by the level of income, or the slope of the line from the origin to the consumption function. He estimated this relationship empirically and found it to be true in the short-run (mostly based on cross-sectional data). The higher the income, the lower the average propensity to consume. This type of consumption function is labeled "A" in the figure below (note the rather flat slope of the curve). In the 1940s, another macroeconomist, Simon Kuznets, estimated long-run consumption functions which indicated that the marginal propensity to consume was rather constant (using time series data across countries). This type of consumption function is show as "B" in the figure below (note the higher slope and zero-zero intercept). The average propensity to consume is constant. Is it declining or is it constant? A number of other economists, notably Franco Modigliani and Milton Friedman, in the 1950s (and Irving Fisher earlier), explained why the two functions were different using various assumptions on intertemporal budget constraints, savings, and wealth. The shorter the time horizon, the more consumption can depend on wealth (earned in previous years) and business cycles. In the long-run, however, the propensity to consume is more constant. Similarly, in the long run, households, industries or countries with no income eventually have no consumption (wealth is depleted). While the debate surrounding beliefs about how income and consumption are related and interesting, in this study a very particular school of thought is adopted. In particular, we are considering the latent demand for children's backpacks on wheels across some 230 countries. The smallest have fewer than 10,000 inhabitants. I assume that all of these counties fall along a "long-run" aggregate consumption function. This long-run function applies despite some of these countries having wealth, current income dominates the latent demand for children's backpacks on wheels. So, latent demand in the long-run has a zero intercept. However, I allow firms to have different propensities to consume (including being on consumption functions with differing slopes, which can account for differences in industrial organization, and end-user preferences).Given this overriding philosophy, I will now describe the methodology used to create the latent demand estimates for children's backpacks on wheels. Since ICON Group has asked me to apply this methodology to a large number of categories, the rather academic discussion below is general and can be applied to a wide variety of categories, not just children's backpacks on wheels.Step 1. Product Definition and Data CollectionAny study of latent demand across countries requires that some standard be established to define "efficiently served". Having implemented various alternatives and matched these with market outcomes, I have found that the optimal approach is to assume that certain key countries are more likely to be at or near efficiency than others. These countries are given greater weight than others in the estimation of latent demand compared to other countries for which no known data are available. Of the many alternatives, I have found the assumption that the world's highest aggregate income and highest income-per-capita markets reflect the best standards for "efficiency". High aggregate income alone is not sufficient (i.e., China has high aggregate income, but low income per capita and can not assumed to be efficient). Aggregate income can be operationalized in a number of ways, including gross domestic product (for industrial categories), or total disposable income (for household categories; population times average income per capita, or number of households times average household income per capita). Brunei, Nauru, Kuwait, and Lichtenstein are examples of countries with high income per capita, but not...
--This text refers to the
Digital
edition.
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Tags : The, 20092014, World, Outlook, for
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Roll and Go Emergency Preparedness Survival Kit on Wheels - Two Persons
Roll and Go Emergency Preparedness Survival Kit on Wheels - Two Persons
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This backpack on wheels makes it easy to take your survival gear anywhere. Available for one or two people.
2 Person Kit (KT-WH2)
Includes:
1 - Backpack
2 - 3600 Calorie Mayday Food Bars
2 - Vegetable Lasagnas
12 - Pouches of Water
2 - Mayday large Solar Blanket
1 - pair of Work Gloves
2 - Adult Poncho
2 - 12 hour Light sticks
1 - Dynamo FM Radio w/LED Flashlight
2 - Maxi-pads
1 - Clear Solution Hygiene Kit
2 - Pocket Tissue
2 - Wet Naps (3 pack)
1 - Yellow Rope
1 - Spoon/Fork Combo
1 - Bloodstopper Trauma Dressing
1 - box of 50 Waterproof Matches
1 - Slow Burn Emergency Candles
1 - Wag Bag Sanitation Kit
2 - Anti-Bacterial Bar Soap
1 - Blue Tarp
1 - Personal Water Filter
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Tags : Roll, and, Go, Emergency, Preparedness
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JanSport Wheeled Superbreak Classics Series Wheeled Daypack
JanSport Wheeled Superbreak Classics Series Wheeled Daypack
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Versatile and spacious, the JanSport Superbreak wheeled backpack makes a terrific travel bag whether you're flying across country or visiting a friend's house across town. The 2,000-cubic-inch backpack offers one large compartment for storing clothes, books, and other items, along with a front utility pocket that provides quick access to your essentials. More significantly, the Superbreak is a breeze to transport, with a retractable, three-stage molded rubber handle and corner-mounted inline skate wheels that glide smoothly across airport concourses. And once you've arrived at your destination, simply pull out the tuck-away shoulder straps and convert the Superbreak into an easy-to-tote backpack. Other details include corner guards and skid rails for added protection and a padded grab handle. Made of 600-denier polyester, the Superbreak measures 13 by 19 by 8.8 inches (W x H x D) and weighs 5 pounds 12 ounces. About JanSport For more than 30 years, JanSport has created products to help you carry the stuff you need, where you need it, in the most functional and fashionable way possible. JanSport's success extends across the globe, where they have become a leading designer and manufacturer of durable backpacks, luggage and gear. The company is headquartered in Appleton, Wisconsin, and has offices in the United States and Europe. Manufacturer's Warranty JanSport Outdoor Equipment is warranted to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for the life of the product. The warranty applies when the product is used for the purpose intended, under normal conditions, and does not apply to damages caused by typical wear and tear, unreasonable use, or neglect.
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Tags : JanSport, Wheeled, Superbreak, Classics, Series
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Skip Hop Zoo Pack Little Kid Backpack Owl
Skip Hop Zoo Pack Little Kid Backpack Owl
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The Zoo Pack is the little kid backpack where fun meets function. Whimsical details and durable materials make this the perfect on-the-go pack for kids on-the-go.
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Tags : Skip, Hop, Zoo, Pack, Little
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Targus Sport Rolling Backpack Case Designed for 15.4 Inch Notebooks (Black with Grey Accents)
Targus Sport Rolling Backpack Case Designed for 15.4 Inch Notebooks (Black with Grey Accents)
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Targus TSB700 15.4" Rolling Notebook Backpack
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Tags : Targus, Sport, Rolling, Backpack, Case
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Casual Canine Deluxe Backpack Pet Carrier On Wheels
Casual Canine Deluxe Backpack Pet Carrier On Wheels
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Product information :
Backpack Pet Carriers measure 13"L x 11 1/2"D x 18 1/2"H Capacity: hold pets up to 22 lbs. Comes in Tan with Black trim
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Tags : Casual, Canine, Deluxe, Backpack, Pet
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Targus Metro Rolling Notebook Case
Targus Metro Rolling Notebook Case
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Item #: N36556. The Targus Rolling Notebook Case is designed to protect notebooks with up to 15.4 screens. The closed cell foam padding keeps your notebook protected while the durable/water resistant 1200D polyester material keeps belongings dry in wet weather. The front zip-down workstation includes pen loops, a business card holder, zippered pocket, cell phone pocket and large pouch to store additional accessories. The Metro Rolling Notebook Case also includes a large zippered compartment to store office essentials or clothing for overnight trips. The telescoping handle retracts into a zippered compartment when not in use and the case includes a dual carry handle for added convenience. The Metro Rolling Notebook Case is a functional transit case designed for professionals on the go. Product Description: Targus Rolling Notebook Case - notebook carrying case Product Type: Notebook carrying case Color: Black Product Material: 1200D polyester Dimensions (WxDxH): 14 in x 7.5 in x 16.5 in Weight: 7.1 lbs Notebook Compatibility: 15.4" Features: Zippered, water resistant, foam padding Carrying Strap: Hand grip Telescopic Handle / Wheels: Yes Manufacturer Warranty: Limited lifetime warranty Customers also search for: Discount Targus Rolling Notebook Case - Notebook Carrying Case, Buy Targus Rolling Notebook Case - Notebook Carrying Case, Wholesale Targus Rolling Notebook Case - Notebook Carrying Case, 0092636234881, TBR003US, Computer Carrying Cases
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Tags : Targus, Metro, Rolling, Notebook, Case
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5045WH Deluxe Backpack On Wheels Wheel Bag Backpack Totes Duffels
5045WH Deluxe Backpack On Wheels Wheel Bag Backpack Totes Duffels
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This is our largest wheel backpack, this deluxe bag features a large main compartment, five front and two side pockets, a cellular phone holder and compression straps to manager your loadsProduct Specification: Fabric: 600D PolyesterDimension: 13.5 x 18.5 x 7.Available Color: Black, Navy, Navy/Gray, Burgundy/Gray, Khaki/Black.The web image is for your reference. The price is for each. The Sport Bottle is not included.NOTE: All the EV- items can't be shipped to California.
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Tags : 5045WH, Deluxe, Backpack, On, Wheels
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Upscale Denier Poly Backpack with Wheels - Light Pink/Grey
Upscale Denier Poly Backpack with Wheels - Light Pink/Grey
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Product information : You can read details and see all reviews in this link >> Read More.
Tags : Upscale, Denier, Poly, Backpack, with
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Clear Backpack With Wheels
Clear Backpack With Wheels
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Tags : Clear, Backpack, With, Wheels, undefined
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The Tundra Rolling Backpack w/ Wheels- BLACK
The Tundra Rolling Backpack w/ Wheels- BLACK
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Tags : The, Tundra, Rolling, Backpack, w
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School College Rolling Backpack on Wheels- Black
School College Rolling Backpack on Wheels- Black
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Made of 600D polyester, this case features a unique molded base. 2 front zip compartments have pockets for palm pilot, tickets, memos, maps, pens, calculator, and a key ring. Spacious main compartment, flap pocket and mesh bottle pocket on the side. Sturdy pull up handle and inline skate wheels.
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Tags : School, College, Rolling, Backpack, on
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Port Authority Side Pocket Wheeled Handy Backpack. BG76S
Port Authority Side Pocket Wheeled Handy Backpack. BG76S
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Product information :
Port Authority Side Pocket Wheeled Handy Backpack. BG76S, With two ways to carry this handy pack, your bag is always at hand. Take the strain off by rolling this wheeled pack, or use the straps and carry like a backpack. 600 denier polyester with ripstop accents and rubber bottom. Two large front pockets, side pockets and mesh water bottle holder. One-hand push button pulley system for easy use and stowage; handle extends to 18.5". Smooth, durable inline skate wheels. Dimensions: 20.5"h x 13"w x 7.9"d; Approx. 2,097 cubic inches.
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Tags : Port, Authority, Side, Pocket, Wheeled
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Hello Kitty Large Rolling Backpack Roller with Wheels
Hello Kitty Large Rolling Backpack Roller with Wheels
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Officially Licensed Backpack by Sanrio .
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Tags : Hello, Kitty, Large, Rolling, Backpack
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